Conservatives,
abstinence proponents battle to get condom
labels changed

Everyone knows condoms help to prevent pregnancy and protect against sexually transmitted diseases. But how well do they work? That question is at the center of a debate over whether the labels on condom packages should be changed. On one side are abstinence advocates, including a conservative congressman who is blocking appointment of a new federal drug agency chief until the labels are changed. On the other side are safer-sex advocates who fear label changes could undermine confidence in condoms and increase the spread of HIV and other STDs.

Each side has some truth in its argument: Condoms are very effective against HIV, but data for their effectiveness against some other STDs is surprisingly spotty.

"They do not provide 100% protection, but for people who are sexually active, they are the best and the only method we have for preventing these diseases," said Heather Boonstra, a public policy official with the Alan Guttmacher Institute, a nonprofit group that researches reproductive health issues. Boonstra said Republican senator Tom Coburn, a physician from Oklahoma, and the abstinence-promoting Medical Institute for Sexual Health are "manipulating this data to drive home their own anti-condom, anti-contraceptive message."

James Trussell, who serves on the board of the Medical Institute and is director of Princeton University's Office of Population Research, said there is "absolutely incontrovertible evidence" that condoms reduce transmission of the most serious sexually transmitted disease, HIV. "To my mind, everything else is gravy," Trussell said this week. "All of this is ideologically motivated. What they're really concerned about is people who are not married having sex."

But John Hart, spokesman for Coburn, said the senator's June 15 hold on Lester Crawford's nomination as commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration is an effort to make Crawford obey a 2000 law Coburn sponsored. It requires the FDA to change condom labels to give more information on their "effectiveness or lack of the effectiveness in preventing STDs."

Hart said FDA officials recently have said they will have a draft of the language soon. FDA spokeswoman Julie Zawisza said she could not discuss policy issues.

Marie Savard, a physician and women's health specialist in Philadelphia, said she has qualms about using the word "ineffective" but agreed that people need reliable information. "The labeling should be changed to something like, 'Condoms protect better against some STDs than others,"' Savard said.

Currently, the FDA requires condom boxes and packets to state: "If used properly, latex condoms will help to reduce the risk of transmission of HIV infection (AIDS) and many other sexually transmitted diseases." Many brands also state that condoms are highly effective in preventing pregnancy.

When latex condoms are used every time and put on early enough, they reduce chances of pregnancy over a one-year period to 3%, compared with 85% without birth control. Likewise, condoms cut risk of HIV infection by about 80%, to less than a 1% chance of infection per year.

According to the National Institutes of Health, condoms are impervious to the smallest viruses and only break or slip off 1% to 2% of the time. But surveys show most people don't use them properly or consistently, and roughly 12 million Americans each year contract an STD.

The Medical Institute for Sexual Health's board chairman, Tom Fitch, who has previously pushed FDA officials for label changes, said some STDs are much more easily spread than others. In addition, STDs such as herpes and human papilloma virus, or HPV, can be transmitted by contact with skin not covered by a condom.

Fitch said he would not discourage condom use, but his group advocates abstinence or monogamy and trains teachers how to teach students about abstinence.

That's an "unrealistic explanation" for young people, said Shari Brasner, an obstetrician/gynecologist at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York who has patients as young as 13 who are sexually active. "These conservatives are the same people that are trying to limit access to the morning-after (birth control) pill. They'll leave us with nothing." (AP)